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Lower motor neurone causes

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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Lower motor neurone causes of a hypoglossal nerve palsy can be classified according to the side and site of the lesion:

  • bilateral:
    • motor neurone disease
    • Guillain-Barre syndrome
    • poliomyelitis
    • Arnold Chiari syndrome

  • unilateral:
    • central:
      • vascular lesions, e.g. thrombosis of the vertebral artery
      • motor neurone disease
      • syringobulbia

  • peripheral:
    • posterior fossa:
      • tumours
      • aneurysms
      • chronic meningitis
      • trauma
    • upper neck:
    • syringomyelia
      • tumours
      • lymphadenopathy

The Arnold Chiari malformation can cause a unilateral lower motor neurone hypoglossal palsy.

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