Hypoparathyroidism may arise whenever there is inadequate secretion of PTH or the hormone is biologically ineffective. Under these circumstances the diminished physiologic action of PTH on the kidney leads to hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Reduced end-organ sensitivity to PTH may also induce hypoparathyroidism.
Hypoparathyroidism has a wide variety of presentations from the asymptomatic patient with a very low serum calcium, to acutely symptomatic with symptoms such as tetany, neuromuscular irritability, severe cramps, stridor, and occasionally seizures.
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