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Types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) has proposed the following criteria which classifies JIA into 7 heterogeneous subgroups

  • oligoarticular
    • no more than four affected joints in the first six months of disease
    • 27–56% of JIA cases
    • F>M
    • often antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive. Strong association with anterior uveitis
  • polyarticular – RF negative
    • more than four affected joints in the first six months of disease; RF negative
    • 11–28% of JIA cases
    • F>M
    • often symmetric involvement of small, medium and large joints
  • polyarticular – RF positive
    • more than four affected joints in the first six months of disease; RF positive on two separate occasions
    • 2–7% of JIA cases
    • F>M
    • closely related to rheumatoid arthritis with similar phenotypic and prognostic features; classically affects adolescent girls
  • enthesitis-related arthritis
    • arthritis, enthesitis – tends to involve axial and weight-bearing joints including SIJ
    • 3–11% of JIA cases
    • M>F
    • the juvenile spondyloparthropathy, often HLA-B27 positive males
  • psoriatic arthritis
    • arthritis, psoriasis
    • 2–11% of JIA cases
    • F>M
    • also associated with dactylitis and nail changes such as pitting, ridging, onycholysis
  • systemic onset
    • fever, rash, arthritis (‘Still’s disease’); may have hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
    • 4–17% of JIA cases
    • F>M
    • can develop life-threatening immune dysregulation known as macrophage activation syndrome
  • undifferentiated
    • arthritis that does not meet criteria for other JIA subtypes
    • 11–21% of JIA cases

Reference:


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