Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy
Grade 1: consists of a broadening of the arteriolar light reflex and concealment of the veins. The light reflex appears yellow - normal; it's enhancement can be misleading and should not be overemphasised.
Grade 2: grade 1 plus deflection of the veins at arteriovenous crossings.
Grade 3: grade 2 plus "copper wire" arterioles and marked arteriovenous crossing changes - banking of the vein where it appears distal to the crossing; tapering of the vein on either side of the crossing; and right-angled deflection of veins.
Grade 4: grade 3 changes plus "silver wire" arterioles and at times, occlusion of an arteriolar branch
Annotations allow you to add information to this page that would be handy to have on hand during a consultation. E.g. a website or number. This information will always show when you visit this page.