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Aetiology

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Velopharyngeal insufficiency has varied causes:

  • structural
  • neurological
  • behavioural

However, there may be overlap between classes eg:

  • velocardiofacial syndrome is associated with a submucous cleft palate and reduced innervation by the facial nerve
  • neurological impairment resulting in hypoplasia of the soft palate

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