Duodenum
Anatomical features:
- length = 30 cm
- considered in terms of four parts:
- first part
- intraperitoneal
- 5cm long
- anatomical relationships:
- inferior vena cava and bile duct pass posteriorly
- second part
- retroperitoneal
- anatomical relationships:
- course around the the head of the pancreas
- ampulla of Vater in the second part
- anatomical relationships:
- third part
- retroperitoneal
- anatomical relationships:
- crosses anterior to the inferior cava, aorta and the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery
- the superior mesenteric artery is anterior to the third part
- anatomical relationships:
- fourth part
- anatomical relationships:
- passes upwards along the left side of the aorta and terminates at the ligament of Trietz (start of the jejunum)
- passes upwards along the left side of the aorta and terminates at the ligament of Trietz (start of the jejunum)
- first part
- muscle layers - outer longitudinal and inner muscular layer
- Brunner's glands - most prominent in the proximal duodenum (alkaline secretions)
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