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Non freezing cold injuries (NFCI)

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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non freezing cold injuries

Non freezing cold injuries (NFCI) are caused when tissues are exposed to prolonged cooling insufficient to cause freezing.

  • exposure to near freezing temperatures, defined as 0°C to 15°C is thought to be sufficient for development of NFCIs
  • tissue fluids do not freeze which differentiates it both clinically and pathologically from freezing cold injuries

According to the ambient environment during the exposure, NFCI can be divided into:

  • wet (trench or immersion foot)
  • dry (pernio or chilblains)

Reference:

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