Aetiology
The aetiology of majority of cases of glomerulonephritis is unknown. However, in a few cases, an aetiological agent can be identified. For example, in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, one can often find raised titres to antistreptolysin-O (ASO).
Known aetiological factors for glomerulonephritis include:
- bacteria:
- Staphylococcus spp.
- Lancefiled group A B-haemolytic streptococci
- Streptococcus viridans
- Treponema pallidum
- viruses:
- Coxsackie virus
- Epstein Barr virus
- hepatitis B virus
- measles
- mumps
- parasites:
- Plasmodium malariae
- Schistosoma spp.
- drugs:
- penicillamine
- penicillamine
- host antigens:
- cryoglobulin
- DNA
- tumour antigens
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