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Aetiology

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Most cases of uveitis are idiopathic, presumed to be due to an autoimmune process (1).

Other recognized causes include:

  • Infections:
    • parasitic infection:
      • toxoplasmosis – common cause of posterior uveitis
    • viral infections:
      • cytomegalovirus
      • herpes simplex
      • herpes zoster
    • bacterial and treponemal:
      • tuberculosis
      • syphilis
  • Systemic inflammatory disease:
    • HLA-B27-associated diseases:
      • ankylosing spondylitis
      • psoriatic arthritis
      • reactive arthritis
      • inflammatory bowel disease
    • sarcoidosis
    • juvenile idiopathic arthritis
    • Behçet disease (2)
    • multiple sclerosis (3)
  • Neoplasms:
    • intraocular tumors, in particular, intraocular lymphoma (3)
  • Trauma (1)
  • Hypersensitivity to medications:
    • cidofovir and rifabutin (3)

References:

  1. International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG). What is uveitis?
  2. de Boer J. et al. Visual loss in uveitis of childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Jul;87(7):879-84
  3. Duranni OM et al. Degree, duration and causes of visual loss in uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(9):1159-1162

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