Aetiology
The causes of torsades des pointes include:
- myocardial infarction
- congenital:
- autosomal dominant (Romano-Ward syndrome)
- autosomal recessive (Lange-Nielsen syndrome)
- drugs:
- disopyramide
- procainamide
- amiodarone
- sotalol
- phenothiazine
- ketanserin
- non-sedative antihistamines e.g. terfenadine
- electolyte disturbance e.g. hypokalaemia
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