12% of patient with acute encephalitis in England die from the illness (1) and many are left with residual physical or neuropsychological deficits which require long-term multidisciplinary management (2).
Untreated herpes simplex encephalitis is is progressive and often fatal within 7-14 days with a 70% mortality rate in untreated patients. The poorest prognosis for viral encephalitis occurs in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (3).
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