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The rates of follow-up at five years was high (92.2% for cases and 93.6% for controls).

Cases had a higher rate of disability than controls. The odds ratio for moderate or severe disability was 10.3 (95% confidence interval 6.7 - 16.0).

The highest rates of severe disability were associated with unusual Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria.

Of the common bacteria the rates of severe disability were:

  • H. influenzae - 3.4%
  • N. meningitidis - 2.9%
  • S. pneumoniae - 9.7%
  • E. coli - 5.7%
  • Group B strep. - 13.3%

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