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Pathology

Authoring team

Classification:

  • transitional cell carcinoma - 90%
  • squamous carcinoma - 5-8%
  • adenocarcinoma - 1-2%
  • sarcoma - rare

Distribution:

  • calyces and renal pelvis - 9%
  • ureter - 1%
  • bladder - 90%:
    • posterior and lateral walls - 70%
    • trigone and bladder neck - 20%
    • vault - 10%
    • diverticulum - 1-5%
  • urethra - less than 1%

Carcinoma in situ is a potentially aggressive tumour that may occur anywhere in the urinary tract. Malignant change is confined to the bladder mucosa.

Tumours in the upper urinary tract often present late.

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