This site is intended for healthcare professionals

Go to /sign-in page

You can view 5 more pages before signing in

Helman (questions to be answered)

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Cecil Helman, an anthropologist, suggested that a patient with a problem comes to the doctor seeking answers to six questions:

1) What has happened happened? This includes organising the symptoms and signs into a recognisable pattern, and giving it a name or iidentity.

2) Why has it happened? This explains the aetiology or cause of the condition.

3) Why has it happened to me? This tries to relate the illness to aspects of the patient, such as behaviour, diet, body-build, personality or heredity.

4) Why now? This concern the timing of the illness and its mode of onset (sudden or slow)

5) What would happen to me if nothing were done about it? This considers its likely course, outcome, prognosis and dangers.

6) What are its likely effects on other people (family, friends, employers, workmates) if nothing were done about it? This includes loss of income or of employment, or a strain on family relationships.

7)What should I do about it -or to whom should I turn for further help? Strategies for treating the condition, including self-medication, consultation with friends or family, or going to see a doctor.

Reference:

  • 1) Helman CG (1981).Diseases versus illness in general practice. JRCGP, 31, 548-52.

Create an account to add page annotations

Annotations allow you to add information to this page that would be handy to have on hand during a consultation. E.g. a website or number. This information will always show when you visit this page.

The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

Connect

Copyright 2024 Oxbridge Solutions Limited, a subsidiary of OmniaMed Communications Limited. All rights reserved. Any distribution or duplication of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. Oxbridge Solutions receives funding from advertising but maintains editorial independence.