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Aetiology

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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These include:

  • infections - in malaria as black water fever, Clostridium welchii
  • paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
  • paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
  • autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
  • toxins including benzene, methylchloride, chlorate, organic arsenicals
  • acute haemolytic crisis, for example in sickle cell anaemia, glucose-6-phosphate deficiency
  • extensive burns
  • marathon running - haemoglobulinaemia may occur; however it is very rare that this is severe enough to cause haemoglobinuria

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