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Longitudinal failure of formation

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Congenital longitudinal failure of formation of the upper limb can be subdivided into deficiencies that are:

  • preaxial - radial club hand/radial dysplasia
  • central - cleft hand/central ray deficiency
  • post-axial - ulnar club hand/ulnar dysplasia

Some authorities place the intercalated defects - phocomelia - in this group.

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