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Tumour suppressor genes and colorectal carcinoma

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Several tumour suppressor genes have been identified as being involved in tumour initiation and progression:

  • inactivation of the DCC gene:
    • DCC stands for Deleted in Colon Cancer
    • on chromosome 18q
    • DCC is a membrane-bound protein that shares sequence homology with neural adhesion molecules (N-CAM)
    • DCC is xpressed in the axons of peripheral and central neurons and in differentiated cells of the intestine
    • DCC mutations have only been found in sporadic colorectal cancers

  • APC:
    • the Adenomatous Polyposis Colon gene
    • mutations of the APC tumour suppressor gene are unique to colorectal carcinomas

  • mutHLS homology genes:
    • these proteins are involved in mismatch repair of DNA
    • dysfunction results in the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

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