Chronic inflammation of a salivary gland is usually caused by partial obstruction from a ductal calculus. Since salivary calculi are far more common in the submandibular gland, it also follows that chronic sialadenitis more commonly affects the submandibular gland.
The glandular secretory elements progressively atrophy to be replaced by fibrous and adipose tissue. The duct system becomes dilated. Fibrotic changes also occur and the gland becomes infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells. The gland is swollen and this is made worse by food. There may be purulent discharge.
Treatment is via removal of the duct obstruction. Additionally, antibiotics, e.g. cephalexin, may be given. Prolonged obstruction may damage the gland irreversibly.
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