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Aetiology

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Possible causes of oesophageal perforation include:

  • iatrogenic:
    • endoscopy
    • gastroscopy
    • surgery

  • non-iatrogenic:
    • caustic ingestion
    • trauma e.g. knife wound
    • foreign body
    • carcinoma
    • varices
    • diverticulitis
    • spontaneous perforation - Boerhaave's syndrome

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