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Classification

Authoring team

These may be classified into (1):

  • primary / idiopathic - the rate of activation of skeletal bone remodelling unit is normal although there is incomplete filling of bone resorption pits (1)
  • secondary -
  • chronic medical and systemic diseases
    • amyloidosis
    • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • multiple myeloma
    • inflammatory bowel diseases
    • rheumatoid arthritis
  • associated with nutritional deficiency
    • alcohol (> 2 drinks per day)
    • anorexia nervosa
    • coeliac disease
    • gastric bypass or gastrectomy
  • endocrine and metabolic related
    • athletic amenorrhea
    • cushing syndrome
    • diabetes mellitus, type 1
    • hyperparathyroidism (primary)
    • hyperthyroidism
    • hypogonadism (primary and secondary)
    • hypophosphatasia
  • disuse / immobility
  • drug-induced
    • anticonvulsants (e.g., phenobarbital, phenytoin)
    • glucocorticoids
    • immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine)
    • Lithium (2)
  • other

Idiopathic osteoporosis is far more common than secondary osteoporosis.

Reference:

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