Physical treatment
The treatment of keloid scars has defied effective treatment for over a century. A diverse range of techniques have been tried including:
- dressings:
- silicone sheeting
- occlusive
- tape dressings
- steroid-impregnanted dressings
- compression:
- garments
- custom-made devices eg clip-on earrings for keloids on the ear lobule
- topical chemical agents:
- silicone ointment
- imiquimod
- vitamin E
- tacrolimus
- intralesional injections:
- corticosteroids
- tamoxifen
- recomibinant TGF-beta 3 molecules
- immunomodulators eg interferon, interleukins
- chemotherapy agents eg 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, bleomycin
- verapamil
- retinoic acid
- specific cytokines eg VEGF, bFGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- radiation therapy, with or without immediate prior excision
- cryotherapy
- excision, with or without other adjunctive measures such as compression or radiotherapy
- laser treatments eg ablative (CO2, argon, Nd:YAG), pulsed-dye
- other light treatments eg IPL, photodynamic therapy
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