Referral criteria from primary care- venous leg ulcer
- specialist referral should be considered in the following conditions:
 - Referral before treatment:
- an uncertain diagnosis
 - a suspected non-venous cause of ulceration: 
- arterial or mixed venous/arterial ulcer: if ABPI <0.8 refer for further assessment of arterial disease; if ABPI <0.5 refer urgently to specialist vascular clinic
 - malignant ulcer or a rapidly deteriorating ulcer. An atypical appearance or distribution of ulcers may require biopsy by dermatology
 - rheumatoid ulcer or ulcers associated with systemic vasculitis
 - diabetic ulcer or newly diagnosed diabetes in a person with an ulcer
 
 
 - Referral during treatment: 
- a complication related to the ulcer or treatment 
- contact dermatitis; refer to a dermatologist for patch testing
 - cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotics or worsening with treatment
 - pain which is uncontrolled: refer to specialist pain team
 
 - an unhealed or worsening ulcer after 2-3 months of standard treatment
 - recurring ulcers
 - conditions which need specialist intervention such as varicose veins, arterial insufficiency (1)
 
 
Reference:
1. Raffetto JD, Ligi D, Maniscalco R, et al. Why Venous Leg Ulcers Have Difficulty Healing: Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment. J Clin Med. 2020 Dec 24;10.