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QRS complex and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) with defibrillator (CRT-D) or CRT with pacing (CRT-P) in heart failure

Authoring team

NICE guidance has stated which patients should be considered for the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) include (1):

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are recommended as options for:

  • treating people with previous serious ventricular arrhythmia, that is, people who, without a treatable cause:

    • have survived a cardiac arrest caused by either ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation or

    • have spontaneous sustained VT causing syncope or significant haemodynamic compromise or

    • have sustained VT without syncope or cardiac arrest, and also have an associated reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35% or less but their symptoms are no worse than class III of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification of heart failure

  • treating people who:

    • have a familial cardiac condition with a high risk of sudden death, such as long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome or arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or

    • have undergone surgical repair of congenital heart disease

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) with defibrillator (CRT-D) or CRT with pacing (CRT-P) are recommended as treatment options for people with heart failure who have left ventricular dysfunction with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35% or less as specified in table below:

  • Treatment options with ICD or CRT for people with heart failure who have left ventricular dysfunction with an LVEF of 35% or less (according to NYHA class, QRS duration and presence of LBBB)

QRS interval

NYA class I

NYA class II

NYA class III

NYA class IV

<120 milliseconds

ICD if there is a high risk of sudden cardiac death

ICD if there is a high risk of sudden cardiac death

ICD if there is a high risk of sudden cardiac death

ICD and CRT not clinically indicated

120- 149 milliseconds without LBBB

ICD

ICD

ICD

CRT-P

120-149 milliseconds with LBBB

ICD

CRT-D

CRT-P or CRT-D

CRT-P

>=150 milliseconds with or without LBBB

CRT-D

CRT-D

CRT-P or CRT-D

CRT-P

LBBB, left bundle branch block; NYHA, New York Heart Association

The NICE guidance does not cover the use of implantable defibrillators for non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Notes:

  • subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2)
    • current evidence on the efficacy of the insertion of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in the short and medium term is adequate

    • an entirely subcutaneous ICD differs from a conventional ICD in that the lead is placed subcutaneously, rather than transvenously
      • the lead comprises 2 sensing electrodes and a shocking coil
      • the ICD senses cardiac signals, but the lead is not directly attached to the heart
      • unlike a conventional ICD, the subcutaneous device is not designed to provide long-term pacing

Reference:

  1. NICE (June 2014). Implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation therapy for arrhythmias and heart failure
  2. NICE (April 2013). Insertion of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator for prevention of sudden cardiac death.

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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