parasympathetic nerves (S2,3,4) initiate contraction of the bladder
there is some sympathetic innervation of the trigone and the urethra (both alpha-contraction, and beta-relaxation)
higher motor centres facilitate voluntary control of bladder emptying (centres in the pons, midbrain, posterior hypothalamus and ultimately in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex)
cholinergic stimulation results in contraction of the detrusor muscle and trigone - this leads to an increased intravesical pressure and funnelling/shortening of the upper part of the urethra
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