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Mortality and morbidity in breech deliveries

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Factors which influence the morbidity and mortality:

  • parity
  • pelvic size and shape
  • foetal weight and gestation
  • type of breech - footling has the highest risk
  • operator skill at delivery

Causes of the morbidity and mortality:

  • intracranial haemorrhage - there is no moulding of the head, the forces on the head are very sudden
  • asphyxia
  • cord prolapse - four times more common in flexed or complete breech than in frank or extended breech
  • birth trauma
  • increased incidence of congenital abnormalities

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