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Differential diagnosis

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

It is important that clnicians should exclude other causes of hypercalcaemia.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) mediated causes of hypercalcaemis include:

  • primary hyperparathyroidism
  • familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
  • tertiary hyperparathyroidism
  • ectopic PTH production by a tumour

PTH independent mediated causes of hypercalcaemias include:

  • cancer: secretion of PTH related peptide, increased calcitriol, bone metastases
  • granulomatous diseases
  • vitamin D intoxication
  • drugs: thiazides, lithium, vitamin A
  • milk alkali syndrome
  • adrenal insufficiency
  • hyperthyroidism
  • immobilisation
  • vitamin A toxicity
  • chronic renal failure

Reference:

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