relative risk of stroke in rheumatic heart disease with atrial fibrillation was 17.6 times higher than in normal controls
atrial fibrillation associated with non-rheumatic heart disease was associated with a 5.6 times increase in risk of stroke relative to normal controls
the risk of stroke for lone atrial fibrillation was 4 times normal controls
comorbidities significantly modulate progression and complications of atrial fibrillation. Age or development of hypertension increases thromboembolic risk (2)
risk of embolization in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is uncertain
female sex in patients with AF without rheumatic heart disease is associated with a higher risk of stroke
underlying heart disease increases the risk of stroke in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation
up to 20% of patients with atrial fibrillation and a stroke will have a second stroke within one year
a third of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation develop chronic atrial fibrillation over two to three years
in a follow-up of the Framingham study, atrial fibrillation was independently associated with a 50-90% increase in the risk of death
Ponamgi et al have stated that atrial fibrillation is associated with a nearly twofold excess risk of all cause mortality (3)
Reference:
(1) Benjamin ET et al 1998. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998; 98:946-52.
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