hypertension - 90% of patients in end stage renal failure
anaemia in 80% of patients in end stage renal failure
renal osteodystrophy
accelerated atherosclerosis, which is clinically significant in 60% of patients in end stage renal failure. Hypercalcaemia and oxalosis may exacerbate the vessel occlusion by accelerating calcification of the plaques
mixed sensorimotor neuropathy in 65% of patients starting dialysis
multiple renal cysts:
40% of patients develop cysts
30% of these cysts contain a neoplasm
10% of the neoplasms are malignant
sexual disturbance:
loss of libido and infertility
50% of males become impotent
many females are amenorrhoeic
Reference
Lowe K et al. Complications in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;34(4):395-407.
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