Clinical features

The first symptom is the inability to produce concentrated urine.

• in most cases it is asymptomatic and is identified as an abnormality on imaging of the renal tract.
• Presentation can range from incidental detection on abdominal X-rays or ultrasounds performed for another reason, to life-threatening.
• Hypercalcaemia: polyuria and polydipsia, nausea and vomiting.
• May cause hypertension.
• In medullary nephrocalcinosis, calcium nodules commonly rupture into the calyceal system to form urinary stones and cause renal colic, haematuria, urinary tract infections or the passage of urinary stones.
• May rarely present with features of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease

Reference

1. Oliveira B, Kleta R, Bockenhauer D, et al; Genetic, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects of nephrocalcinosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Dec 1;311(6):F1243-F1252.