Complications
Complications reported, with approximate incidences, include:
- macroscopic haematuria - 1:25
- blood loss requiring transfusion - 1:150-300
- clinically significant haematoma - 1:200
- surgical intervention post-biopsy - 1:500-1000
- infection - 1:700
- loss of kidney - 1:1000
- clinically significant arteriovenous fistula - 1:1000
- death - 1:10,000
- inadvertent biopsy of other organs - liver, spleen, pancreas, intestine, gallbladder, adrenals
Complications are more likely:
- when biopsy is performed by junior staff
- with older techniques
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