Magnesium deficiency
Magnesium deficiency can result in symptoms similar to those of hypocalcaemia - muscle twitching, irritability, tetany, aggression and convulsions. There may be athetoid movements, nystagmus and a positive Babinski response.
Magnesium deficiency may cause ventricular arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes.
Treatment is with magnesium salts:
- magnesium is given intravenously, usually as chloride or sulphate
- serum levels must be monitored so as to prevent levels from rising above 2.5 mmol/l
- potassium and calcium supplementation may be required
- chronic hypomagnesaemia may be treated using magnesium oxide, 250-500 mg, by mouth, 2-4 times daily
The administration of calcium is ineffective.
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