Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of haematuria varies significantly:
- it is important to establish that haematuria is in fact red blood cells in the urine; some dyes, drugs such as rifampicin, and foods, such as beetroot, can cause a red urine. A positive dipstick test may also reflect haemoglobinuria and not haematuria.
- urinary tract malignancy - kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, prostate, urethra
- urinary tract stones
- urinary tract infection
- nephrological disease: IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis
- benign prostatic hyperplasia
- bleeding disorders, anticoagulation therapy above therapeutic range
- trauma: penetrating or blunt
- menstruation
- exercise-induced haematuria
Reference:
- Bolenz C, Schroppel B, Eisenhardt A, et al. The Investigation of Hematuria. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018 Nov 30;115(48):801-807
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