Bile stasis
Bile stasis is associated with an increased incidence of gallbladder stones. It may be caused by:
- gallbladder obstruction:
- dysfunction of the spiral valve in the cystic duct
- reflux of duodenal contents
- pre-existing small stones
- reduced gallbladder contractility:
- in pregnancy
- long-standing inflammation
- following truncal vagotomy and partial gastrectomy
- long term parenteral nutrition - lack of good oral intake precludes the release of cholecystokinin, a hormonal stimulant of gallbladder contraction
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