Aetiology
There are multiple causes for IS which can be divided into the following groups:
- prenatal
- accounts for over 40% of cases
- aetiologies include
- CNS malformations - focal cortical dysplasia, holoprosencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, Callosal agenesis/Aicardi syndrome
- chromosomal abnormalities - trisomy 21, Miller-Dieker syndrome
- single-gene errors
- neurocutaneous syndrome - tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), NF1, incontinentia pigmenti
- congenital central nervous system infections (TORCH)
- in-born error of metabolism - rarely
- perinatal
- aetiologies include
- hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
- hypoglycemia
- aetiologies include
- postnatal
- aetiologies include
- intracranial infections
- hypoxic-ischemic insults
- brain tumours
- aetiologies include
Note:
- cortical malformations, hypoxic-ischemic, and tuberous sclerosis are the most common known associated disorders
Reference:
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