Infective organisms
- bacterial causes include:
- Strep pneumonia - 30%
- H. influenzae - 20%
- Moraxella catarrhalis - 20%
- Group A Strep and Staph aureus - 5%
- viral causes (less than 10%) (1):
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has shown detectable virus in the middle ear space
- respiratory viral infection predisposes to bacterial infection
- coinfection with bacteria is present in more than 40 percent viral-induced acute otitis media
- associated viruses include:
- RSV
- parainfluenzae
- influenza virus
- rhinovirus
- enterovirus
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis are rare causes
Reference:
- Mittal R, Lisi CV, Gerring R, et al; Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. J Med Microbiol. 2015 Oct;64(10):1103-16.
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