Systemic causes of epistaxis
Systemic causes of epistaxis include: (1)
- medication:
- warfarin
- aspirin and other NSAIDS
- haematological disorders:
- hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
- bleeding diatheses
- hypertension - is controversial (2)
- leukaemia
- liver disease (cirrhosis)
- high alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of epistaxis, probably due to the effect of alcohol on bleeding time (3)
References
- Mulla O, Prowse S, Sanders T, et al; Epistaxis. BMJ. 2012 Feb 23;344
- Kikidis D, Tsioufis K, Papanikolaou V, et al; Is epistaxis associated with arterial hypertension? A systematic review of the literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Mar 29.
- Beck R, Sorge M, Schneider A, et al. Current approaches to epistaxis treatment in primary and secondary care. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018 Jan 8;115(1-02):12-22.
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