Aetiology
Hypothalamic-pituitary:
- impaired production / release of anti-diuretic hormone i.e. cranial diabetes insipidus
Renal:
- inability to respond to ADH:
- nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Fanconi's syndrome
- inability to maintain renal medullary hyperosmolarity:
- chronic renal failure
- hydronephrosis
- lithium toxicity
- hypokalaemia
- hypercalcaemia - nephrocalcinosis
- renal papillary necrosis - e.g. analgesic nephropathy from aspirin, phenacetin
- increased solute load per nephron:
- diabetes mellitus
- chronic renal failure
Other:
- compulsive water drinking
- paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
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