Wide split second (2nd) heart sound
The second heart sound is widely split if there is an early A2 or if the P2 is delayed.
- Early A2 can occur in mitral regurgitation or ventricular septal defect. There is a shortening of left ventricular systole because of diminished resistance to left ventricular ejection.
- Delayed P2 - possible causes include :-
- right bundle branch block, where there is delay in the activation of the right ventricle
- pulmonary stenosis - the P2 is soft and delayed;
- atrial septal defect with left to right shunt - there is an increase in right ventricular stroke volume which causes a delayed P2
- prolonged right ventricular contraction as a result of right ventricular failure.
Reference
- Voin V, Oskouian RJ, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. Auscultation of the heart: The Basics with Anatomical Correlation. Clin Anat. 2017 Jan;30(1):58-60.
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