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GnRH analogues in endometriosis

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Summary points:

  • used in treatment of endometriosis since early 1980s

  • induce a reversible pseudomenopause

  • bind to pituitary GnRH receptors and result in a stimulation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone release; GnRH analogues have much longer half-life than natural GnRH and therefore the pituitary is exposed to continuous GnRH stimulation resulting in a down regulation of the pituitary and consequent reduction of FSH and LH levels. Oestrogen levels equivalent to postmenopausal levels are achieved within about 3 weeks of initiation of therapy

  • side effects:
    • oestrogen deficiency related e.g. vaginal dryness, hot flushes, reduction of libido, bone loss
    • duration of GnRH analogue treatment is limited by side effects, especially bone loss (1); addback therapy is used to help prevent or reduce bone loss secondary to GnRH analogue therapy. Various addback therapies have been tried including progestogens, tibolone, bisphosphonates and combined oestrogen/progestogen. The addback therapy should not negate the treatment effect of the GnRH analogue on the endometriosis

Reference:

  • 1) Johansen JS et al (1988). The effect of GnRH agonist on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67, 701-6.

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